• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a circuit for limiting inrush current, which can be used in power supply units of operating devices for operating lamps, the circuit having at least a first storage capacitor (C1) and a second storage capacitor (C2), which together form a voltage source for the power supply unit Form components, and a switch (S2) by means of which the second storage capacitor (C2) is switched on with a time delay with respect to the start of charging of the first storage capacitor (D1).
    公开号:AT16925U1
    申请号:TGM40/2017U
    申请日:2017-02-24
    公开日:2020-12-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    CIRCUIT FOR INRUSH CURRENT LIMITING IN A POWER SUPPLY
    The present invention relates to a circuit for inrush current limiting, which can be used in power supplies of operating devices for operating lighting means.
    Power supplies and operating devices usually have on the input side a storage capacitor fed by a power rectifier, which can briefly cause a very high inrush or charging current when the power supply or operating device is switched on or connected to the mains voltage. The level of the switch-on current depends on the capacity, the remaining charge and the switch-on time with regard to the course of the AC mains voltage. If several lights with such control gear are switched on together as a group, the adding up inrush currents of the devices can trigger the upstream fuse.
    In order to avoid this, DE 10 2011 001990 A1 proposes a method for limiting inrush current, in which the storage capacitors of ballasts fed by an AC voltage are switched on with a delay at different times near the voltage zero crossing. The individual switch-on times are determined from different waiting times after the zero crossing has been detected or after a switch-on signal has been detected. According to DE 10 2011 001990 A1, the detector for the voltage zero crossing and the switch-on signal generator, which has a flip-flop, are supplied by a low voltage generator fed from the rectified mains voltage in order to enable a controlled switch-on even before the operating state is reached.
    Simple power supplies of operating devices with rectifier and subsequent storage / smoothing capacitor also generate harmonic currents during operation in the power grid, since the power supply only takes a current from the power grid to recharge the storage capacitor when the sinusoidal input voltage is greater than the voltage on the capacitor , which leads to a short-term high power consumption.
    Such harmonic currents / harmonics can be counteracted by a circuit for correcting the power factor (Power Factor Correction) with a step-up converter, also called a step-up converter (English boost converter). The switching times of the switch of the step-up converter, which is switched on and off with a pulse-width-modulated control voltage, are selected such that the input current of the circuit follows a sinusoidal curve that is in phase with the curve of the input voltage.
    A circuit for limiting inrush current in a step-up converter, in which the storage capacitor is only switched on at the zero crossing of the rectified, sinusoidal mains voltage, is known from EP 0637 118 A1.
    For the determination of the zero crossing and the switching on of the storage capacitor in the period from the mains connection to the start of the charging process before the start of operation of the power supply or operating device, a special circuit is required that must be supplied with energy. This makes the devices expensive and leads to higher energy consumption.
    [0008] The invention is based on the object of specifying devices and methods which reduce the problems described. The object is in particular to provide a circuit arrangement for limiting the inrush current, with which the inrush current can be reduced with a simple and inexpensive structure and which has a low energy consumption.
    [0009] This object is achieved according to the features of the independent claims. The invention is further developed by the features of the dependent claims.
    According to the present invention, a circuit for current limiting when switching on or connecting a power supply, which is a stand-alone device or an assembly for supplying energy in a device, for example an operating device for operating
    Lighting means, can be at least a first storage capacitor and a second storage capacitor, which together form a voltage source for components connected to the power supply, and a switch by means of which the second storage capacitor is switched on with a time delay with respect to the start of charging of the first storage capacitor.
    The total capacity after the start of operation of the power supply in the stable state is formed from two storage capacitors, the storage capacitors being connected one after the other to the power grid by means of the switch to reduce the inrush current and thus two smaller ones occur instead of a high inrush current. In many applications, several storage capacitors connected in parallel are already provided for reasons of size or service life, so that the division of the capacitance does not cause any additional costs and only one additional switch and its control have to be provided. The first storage capacitor can be charged immediately when the power supply unit is switched on or connected.
    The control of the switch to start charging the second storage capacitor can be done by a control device of the power supply, such as a microcontroller, which is a component to be fed by the power supply and which enables the switch to be switched on with its start of operation or at a later point in time initiated, wherein the start of operation takes place at a point in time at which the first storage capacitor connected to the power grid has reached a stable working state or a certain state of charge. In this way, no additional devices for determining the switch-on time, for switching on the switch or for the auxiliary power supply are necessary. Alternatively, the switch is a component to be fed by the power supply unit, so that it switches on automatically when the stable working state or the specific charge state is reached.
    The switch can be a bipolar transistor with an insulated gate electrode.
    [0014] The two or more storage capacitors can have the same or different capacitances. The first storage capacitor can be smaller than the second storage capacitor. Since other component capacities are also charged when the first capacitor is switched on and the associated start of charging, this prevents the switch-on peak of the first capacitor from being greater than that of the second capacitor. In particular, it is also advantageous if the second storage capacitor is switched on at a voltage minimum of the charging voltage, as a result of which both switch-on currents can be further reduced. For this purpose, a device for determining a voltage minimum of the charging voltage of the second storage capacitor and a device for switching on the switch at the determined voltage minimum can be provided. At least one of the devices can be listed separately or can be integrated into the control device.
    In order to reduce the energy consumption, the circuit can additionally have a disconnection device for disconnecting the determination device after the switch has been turned on.
    The control device can also be designed to switch the second and / or the further storage capacitors on and / or off depending on the power to be delivered by the power supply unit.
    The circuit can be a power factor correction circuit and / or be part of an operating device for lighting means.
    Alternatively, a circuit for inrush current limitation in a power supply according to the present invention has at least one storage capacitor, which forms a voltage source for components to be supplied by the power supply and can be charged by a pulsating DC voltage, a switch for connecting a charging voltage to the storage capacitor Start of operation, a device for determining a voltage minimum of the charging voltage and for switching on the switch at a voltage minimum, and a disconnection device for switching off the determination device after the switch has been switched on or after the start of operation.
    In addition, a device for generating an auxiliary voltage for supplying the determination device can be provided, which generates the auxiliary voltage from the pulsating DC voltage.
    The disconnection device can represent a component to be fed by the power supply unit, which is supplied with energy and activated when the storage capacitor reaches a certain state of charge or a stable working state (e.g. certain fluctuation range of the change in the state of charge).
    Alternatively or additionally, the disconnection device can be formed by a control device that controls at least the power supply unit.
    The circuit can be a power factor correction circuit, the control device being designed to control the power factor correction.
    The charging voltage can be a rectified AC voltage, wherein the determination device is designed to detect the peak value of the rectified AC voltage, to determine the time of the voltage minimum on the basis of the detected peak value and from the time a switch-on signal by means of one of the Output auxiliary voltage generating device and the power supply arrangement feedable latch or flip-flop to the switch.
    According to the present invention, an operating device for lighting means has one of the circuits described.
    The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
    1 shows a circuit for limiting inrush current in a power supply unit according to a first embodiment according to the present invention,
    2 shows a circuit for limiting inrush current in a power supply unit according to a second embodiment according to the present invention,
    Fig. 3 shows a circuit of an auxiliary voltage generating device according to an embodiment according to the present invention,
    Fig. 4 shows a circuit of a charging voltage detector according to an embodiment according to the present invention, and
    Fig. 5 shows a circuit of a switch control device according to an embodiment according to the present invention.
    Components with the same functions are identified in the figures with the same reference symbols.
    Fig. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a circuit for correcting the power factor with inrush current limitation, which can be used in a power supply unit of an operating device for lighting and which can be supplied via the input terminals 1 and 2 with an AC voltage rectified by a mains rectifier of the power supply unit (not shown) is, with which the first storage capacitor C1 and then the second storage capacitor C2 is charged.
    To correct the power factor, the circuit has a step-up converter which consists of a switch S1, a coil L, a diode D, and the storage capacitors C1 and C2, which is controlled or regulated by a control device 3. When the step-up converter is in operation, the storage capacitors C1 and C2 together form a voltage source for consumers connected to the output connections 4 and 5. One or more supply devices, which generate a supply voltage for the control device 3 and other components of the circuit, can be connected to the output connections 4 and 5.
    In addition, the circuit has a switch S2 controllable by the control device 3, with which the second storage capacitor C2, which is connected in parallel with the first storage capacitor C1, is separated from it until the step-up converter starts operating
    can be.
    At least one of the switches S1 and S2 can be a power switch, a field effect transistor, a bipolar transistor or a transistor with an insulated gate electrode.
    The control device 3 can be an integrated semiconductor circuit or comprise an integrated semiconductor circuit. The control device 3 can be designed as a processor, a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller or an application-specific special circuit (ASIC, “Application Specific Integrated Circuit”) or as a combination of the named units. In the example, switches S1 and S2 are designed as separate components. However, it is also possible that at least the switch S2 or its switching function is carried out by the control device 3, which is designed as a microcontroller, itself.
    The coil L is connected in series with the diode D between the input terminal 1 and an output terminal 4. The switch S1 is coupled with one connection between the coil L and the diode D and the other connection to the input connection 2, which is connected to the output connection 5 and has a low potential (e.g. ground) with respect to the input connection 1.
    According to the present invention, the switch S2 is open at the time the power supply is connected to the mains voltage or when the power supply or operating device is switched on, so that only the first storage capacitor C1 via the coil L and the diode D is supplied by the inverter Electricity is charged. If the storage capacitor C1 is completely discharged and the pulsating direct current has a peak value at the time of switching on / connection, a first maximum charging current flows which, however, is reduced by the capacitance transferred to the second storage capacitor C2.
    The second storage capacitor C2 can be switched on after the drop in the first charging current. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the control device 3 switches on the switch S2. The control device 3 is supplied with the energy provided at the output connections 4, 5 or by the supply device and starts operating or switches on the switch S2 as soon as a certain voltage is applied to the output connections 4, 5. However, it is also possible for switch S2 to be closed only after a predetermined or randomly selected waiting time has elapsed. The switch S2 can also be switched on by a switch-on signal received by the control device 3, by means of which the switch-on of a plurality of switches S2 of other power supply units connected to the same mains phase is coordinated so that at least some of the switches S2 are not switched on at the same time becomes.
    According to one embodiment of the present invention, the time of the voltage minimum is determined for switching on the switch S2 by the control device 3 or an additional detector in the course of the charging voltage of the second storage capacitor C2 and the switch S2 is switched on at or near the determined time. For this purpose, the control device 3 can, for example, record the voltage profile at the input connections 1 and 2 and calculate the point in time of the voltage minimum on the basis of the network frequency or detect the minimum itself.
    If the two storage capacitors C1 and C2 are charged or the switch S2 is switched on, the control device 1 controls the switching times of the switch S1 in the pulse-width modulated operation of the step-up converter so that the input current of the circuit follows a sinusoidal curve that is in phase with the curve the input voltage. When the switch S1 is switched on by the control device 1, a current flows from the input connection 1 through the coil L, the switch S1 to the input connection 2. After the switch S1 is switched off, the coil L drives a current (demagnetization current) through the diode D and a current through the storage capacitors C1 and C2, which are thereby recharged.
    In addition, the operating state of the operating device can also be taken into account. Brief mains interruptions and / or bus voltage jumps can cause the operating device to restart. The switching signal output device 8 would be in the event of brief mains interruptions.
    Chen and / or bus voltage jumps are not discharged quickly enough to switch off switch S2. This could mean that switch S2 remains switched on and when the operating device is restarted no inrush current limitation can be guaranteed. Brief network interruptions and / or bus voltage jumps, which can be recognized as errors and are stored as the operating state in the control device 3, can be taken into account in the inrush current limitation. In this case, the switch S2 can be opened when short mains interruptions and / or bus voltage jumps are detected in order to ensure that the inrush current is limited when the operating device is restarted.
    Fig. 2 shows a circuit for correcting the power factor with inrush current limitation according to a second embodiment according to the present invention, in which the first storage capacitor C1 is missing. This is optional and can be added if necessary.
    In the circuit shown in FIG. 2, the storage capacitor C2 or the switch S2 is switched on at or near a voltage minimum of the charging voltage of the storage capacitor C2. For this purpose, the circuit has an auxiliary voltage generating device 6, which is connected to the input connections 1 and 2 and generates an auxiliary voltage for the detection of the voltage minimum and switching on the switch S2 from the pulsating DC voltage applied to the input connections 1 and 2.
    A detector 7 fed by the auxiliary voltage generating device 6 is connected to the output connections 4 and 5, determines a voltage minimum of the pulsating DC voltage or the point in time at which the pulsating DC voltage has dropped to zero and gives a switching pulse to or near this Time to a switching signal output device 8 from. The switching signal output device 8 fed by the auxiliary voltage generating device 6 generates a switch-on signal for the switch S2 upon receipt of the switching pulse and switches it on so that the charging of the storage capacitor C2 begins at the determined voltage minimum, which causes a low inrush current. The charging current / inrush current flows from the input connection 1, via the coil L, the diode D, the closed switch S2 and the storage capacitor C2 to the input connection 2. The switch S1 is closed and the control device 3 is still inactive.
    The control device 3 is activated and supplied with the energy provided at the output connections 4, 5 or by the supply device when the voltage at the output connections 4, 5 or the charging current has reached a stable state (constant mean charging current / voltage) . A supply of the switching signal output device 8 with the energy provided at the output connections 4, 5 or from the supply device is also possible via the connection 9. As soon as the control device 3 is activated or the circuit has started operation (control device 3 controls the switch S1), the auxiliary voltage generating device 6 and the detector 7 are switched off by the control device 3 in order to save energy.
    In the circuit shown in FIG. 1, the control device 3 controls the switch S2. However, it is also possible to switch the switch S2 by means of the arrangements having the auxiliary voltage generating device 6, the detector 7 and the switching signal output device 8.
    The auxiliary voltage generating device 6 can have primary cells for generating the auxiliary voltage or secondary cells which can be charged via the input connections 1 and 2.
    Fig. 3 shows a circuit of the auxiliary voltage generating device 6 according to an embodiment according to the present invention, in which the auxiliary voltage is generated by means of a Zener diode D2 connected in parallel with a buffer capacitor C3. The anode of the ZDiode D2 is connected to the input terminal 1 or circuit point 6a via a switch Q2 and a series circuit of four resistors R3..R6.
    The resistors R3..R6, the Zener diode D2 and the buffer capacitor C3 form a low voltage generator 10 for generating the auxiliary voltage, which is applied between the nodes 6c and 6d, parallel to the buffer capacitor C3. The other elements of the
    device, in particular the switches Q1 and Q2, serve the shutdown function of the auxiliary voltage generating device 6.
    When the rectified AC voltage is applied to the input connections 1 and 2 or the circuit points 6a and 6b, a voltage for switching on the switch Q2 is generated with the voltage divider consisting of the resistors R1 .. R3. To switch off the auxiliary voltage generating device 6, the control device 3 sends a switch-on signal via the switching point 6d to the switch Q1, which lowers the voltage at the switch Q2 so that it switches off the extra-low voltage generator 10.
    Fig. 4 shows a circuit of the detector 7 according to an embodiment according to the present invention, in which a peak value is detected in a first step in the course of the rectified AC voltage and in a second step after a quarter of the period length of the mains voltage has elapsed Switch-on signal is output.
    The circuit of the detector 7 has a capacitor C5 and a diode 4, which are connected in series between the input connections 1 and 2 and the nodes 7b and 7a. The diode 4 is connected in parallel to a resistor R11 that can be short-circuited via a switch Q5, and the emitter terminal of a bipolar transistor Q3 is coupled between the capacitor C5 and the diode D4 and controls a switch Q4.
    A capacitor C6 can be charged via a resistor R12 and the closed switch Q4 with the auxiliary voltage applied to the circuit point 7e. The capacitor C6 and the resistor R12 are dimensioned so that the voltage on the capacitor C6 or between the nodes 7a and 7c after a quarter of the period length reaches a voltage value (e.g. that of the auxiliary voltage) at which the voltage with the node 7c connected switching signal output device 8 generates a switch-on signal (second step). The charging of the capacitor C6 is started when the switch Q4 is switched on.
    The peak value is detected by means of the capacitor C5. This charges when the rectified alternating voltage increases and discharges when it decreases. If the voltage at the emitter connection of the bipolar transistor Q3 is zero (apex), the switch Q4 is switched on.
    The task of the switching signal output device 8 is to generate a stable switch-on signal for the switch S2 that is independent of the further voltage curve on the capacitor C6. This can be achieved with a flip-flop or latch that can be fed both via the connection 9 and by the auxiliary voltage generating device 6.
    5 shows a circuit of the switching signal output device 8 according to an exemplary embodiment according to the present invention, which circuit is formed from a latch 11 and an inverter 12. If the voltage value at node 7c reaches the specified voltage value (auxiliary voltage), the voltage at the collector connection of the bipolar transistor Q7 falls to zero and the inverter 12 jumps from the potential at node 8b to the potential at node 8c, which is the switch-on signal for switch S2 corresponds.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. Circuit for limiting inrush current in a power supply unit, with at least one first storage capacitor (C1) and a second storage capacitor (C2), which together form a voltage source for components to be supplied by the power supply unit, and a switch (S2) by means of which the second storage capacitor (C2) is switched on with a time delay with respect to the start of charging of the first storage capacitor (C1).
    [2]
    2, circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch (S2) is a bipolar transistor with an insulated gate electrode.
    [3]
    3. Circuit according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the capacitance of the first storage capacitor (C1) is smaller than the capacitance of the second storage capacitor (C2).
    [4]
    4. Circuit according to one of claims 1 to 3, with a device (7, 8) for determining a voltage minimum of the charging voltage of the second storage capacitor (C2) and for switching on the switch (S2) at the determined voltage minimum.
    [5]
    5. Circuit for limiting the inrush current in a power supply unit, with at least one storage capacitor C2), which forms a voltage source for components to be supplied by the power supply unit and can be charged by a pulsating DC voltage, a switch (S2) for connecting a charging voltage to the storage capacitor (C2 ), a device (7, 8) for determining a voltage minimum of the charging voltage and for switching on the switch (S2) at a voltage minimum, and a disconnection device (3) for switching off the determination device (7, 8) after the switch (S2) was switched on.
    [6]
    6. Circuit according to claim 5, with a device (6) for generating an auxiliary voltage for supplying the determination device (7, 8).
    [7]
    7. A circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that the device (6) for generating the auxiliary voltage is designed to generate the auxiliary voltage from the pulsating DC voltage.
    [8]
    8. A circuit according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the disconnection device (3) represents a component to be fed by the power supply unit, which is supplied with energy and activated when the storage capacitor (C2) reaches a certain state of charge.
    [9]
    9. Circuit according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the charging voltage is a rectified AC voltage, and the determining device (7, 8) is designed to detect the peak value of the rectified AC voltage, the time of the voltage minimum on the To determine the basis of the detected peak value and to output a switch-on signal to the switch (S2) by means of a latch (11) or flip-flop that can be fed by the auxiliary voltage generating device (6) and the power supply arrangement.
    [10]
    10. Operating device for lighting means having a circuit according to one of claims 1 to 9.
    In addition 5 sheets of drawings
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE202017100740U1|2018-05-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    EP0637118A1|1993-07-27|1995-02-01|Knobel Ag Lichttechnische Komponenten|Circuit for limiting inrush current and overvoltage of an electronic ballast|
    US20020057062A1|2000-03-09|2002-05-16|Hiroyasu Kisaichi|Discharge lamp lighting apparatus and lamp apparatus|
    CN101345489A|2008-03-06|2009-01-14|上海海事大学|Current transformer for limiting reverse recovery current|
    DE102009019904A1|2009-05-04|2010-11-25|Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung|Circuit arrangement and method for operating discharge lamps|
    DE102011001990A1|2011-04-12|2012-10-18|Vossloh-Schwabe Deutschland Gmbh|Device for limiting inrush current in power source ballast used for operating gas discharge lamp, has switch connected to signal generator, where generator is connected to control input and arranged in current path of rectifier to capacitor|
    US8717001B2|2012-07-03|2014-05-06|Infineon Technologies Austria Ag|Inrush current limiting circuit|
    DE102014208834A1|2014-05-12|2015-11-12|Deere & Company|Device and method for limiting the inrush current when operating a capacitive load on a three-phase inverter|DE102020117504A1|2020-07-02|2022-01-05|PRECISIS Aktiengesellschaft|Method of reducing the inrush current of an electrical device, as well as electrical device|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
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    PCT/EP2018/050818| WO2018145857A1|2017-02-13|2018-01-15|Circuit for limiting the making current in a power supply unit|
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